hemolítica Anemia autoinmune

The fundamental base of the hemolíticas anemias is the diminution of the sobrelife of the red cells that is, normally, between 100 and 120 days. Around 1% they are eliminated every day and replaced by released new cells from the bony marrow.
The hemolítica anemia autoinmune is caused by antibodies that are in the surface of the red cells or eritrocitos, causing a massive destruction of these red globules (as a cheta student of veterinary medicine said), these can be broken (to lisar) intravascularly or is destroyed in its passage by bazo, being different itself therefore the pictures of extravascular hemólisis intra and respectively and, depending on it, we will see different sintomatologías and prognoses.

The Anemia Hemolitica Autoinmune can be:

* Primary or idiopática
* Secondary: to the drug administration, neoplasias or diseases autoinmunes (THEM, Leukemia, Linf diffuse Cr or Linfomas) or to some infections (FeLV, Haemobartonella, Ehrlichiosis, etc?).

In the canine species it is pronounced, mainly, in adult females between the 2 to 8 years of age, the racial predisposition is: Caniche, Bobtail, Irish Setter and Cocker. The antibodies usually are IgG in canine. Ej can be secondary to certain infections (. Leptospirosis).
In the feline species is no predisposition some, the antibodies usually is IgM and although, in many cases, the cause is idiopática we must discard the infection by FeLV and endoparasitosis (haemobartonelosis).

Symptoms:
* Anorexy
* Depression and weakness
* Gastointestinales (vomits and diarreas)
* If the hemólisis is intravascular: ictericia and fever
* If he is extravascular: linfoadenopatía (ganglia increased of size) and esplenomegalia (bazo increased of size)
* Others: pale mucous, tachycardia, taquipnea and systolic blowing, if the anemia is moderate or severe.

Diagnosis:
In general one along with arrives the symptoms and signs through an analysis from laboratory giving the following results:
* Hematocrito under: until Hto < 10%,
* Reticulocitosis: in answer to a diminished survival the activity of the bony marrow increases, and called cells reticulocitos (young red globules) are increased in number until beyond 2%.
* Increased Bilirrubina (as a result of the destruction of the red cells it increases the bilirrubina nonconjugated),
* Concurrent immune Trombocitopenia (Sd de Evans).
* Coombs +: The test of Coombs differentiates the anemia autoinmune from other anemias.

Treatment:
The transfusion is necessary in the acute state of the disease and can be an emergency procedure. One is due fundamentally to resort often to the therapy with corticoids and other inmunosupresores (drugs that inhibit the immunity) and, to treat the underlying cause in the secondary hemolíticas.

Prognosis:
Reserved, specially in intravascular hemólisis due to the incidence TO GO acute and/or CID. There is a 30-40% of mortality making correct treatment.

Bibliography

Author: MV Adelaida A. Goldman
www.mascotia.com/oncologia

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