Anemia

Index:

* Majorities
* Causes
* Signs and symptoms
* Diagnosis
* Treatment

Majorities
The weaves of the organism, require a continuous contribution of I oxygenate, nutrients and electrolytes for their on-speed operation. In the anemias values of inferior red globules or hemoglobina to the normal ones appear.
The red globules are the main cellular component of the blood, and also eritrocitos or hematíes are called. They contain hemoglobina, a protein that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the organism.
In the anemia the number of red globules or hemoglobina in them diminishes. This does that the blood sufficient transport oxygen, not causing fatigue, weakness, adinamia, etc? (signs and main symptoms of the anemia)

Causes of anemia
. Often one classifies the veterinary medicine anemias in arregenerativas or regenerativas, for this classification one does not consider the etiología (cause), although orients, if the marrow this working to revert the anemia or no, for that reason, the terms: regenerative or nonregenerative, arregenerativa, but to simplify and that is understandable, we are going it to classify single by causes:

* Hemorrhage:
The hemorrhage is one of the main causes of the anemia. The anemia can be intense when blood like in accidents, operations, hurt by mordeduras, etc. or chronicle like secondary to endoparasitosis (ancylostomiasis, coccidiosis, babesiosis, trichuriasis, ascaridiasis, tapeworms) the poisoning by raticidas, stomach or bled coagulation problems (coagulopatías), ulcers is lost suddenly produced by tumors in the kidney or vejiga (to see section of Oncología).
The treatment depends on the intensity of the anemia. When she is sudden, it is necessary to stop the hemorrhage and to make a red globule transfusion, if the cause is a poisoning in addition will have to begin the administration of Vit K. If the loss has occurred slowly and is a less serious anemia, the organism can produce sufficient red globules to replace the faltantes (regenerative anemia is denominated), the bony marrow needs an suitable time to respond to the hemorrhage 2 or 3 days in cats and dogs a little more: of 4 to 5 days.

* Diminution of the red globule production
By aplasia to medular: the term aplásica anemia (mieloaplasia) groups a series of upheavals characterized by the presence of suppression generalized of the bony marrow. Frequently, he can be caused by chemical, physical agents or the infectious agents, most frequent are: infectious drugs (estrogens, fenilbutazona, quimioterápicos, trimetroprim-sulfadiazina, griseofulvina, others), agents (ehrlichia in dogs, parvovirus, feline leukemia in cats)
The onion contains a compound that is toxic for red globules (eritrocitos) of the cats, to see but?

* Nutricionales deficiencies: little it frequents in animals affluent fed (most important they are the iron, the B-12 vitamin and the fólico acid.) For a correct feeding and prevention on deficiencies, to see more information in the section feeding.

* Excessive red globule destruction
The red globules have an average life of approximately 120 days. When they age, the bony marrow, bazo and the liver are in charge to destroy them. If the destruction of globules exceeds its production, a inmunomediada hemolítica anemia is pronounced (characterized by a massive destruction of eritrocitos by the half-full own immune system by antibodies). The inmunomediada hemolítica anemia can be of primary or secondary cause, the case but it frequents in the secondary anemias are the endoparasitosis (haemobartonella in cats, babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in dogs).

* Paraneoplásica anemia

Signs and symptoms of the anemia:

* Weakness
* Thirst
* Accelerated breathing (taquipnea)
* Weak and fast pulse (tachycardia)
* Irritability
* Strange conduct
* Pale mucous
* Systolic blowing (if the anemia is moderate or severe)

Diagnosis:
A blood examination must be made that determines the percentage of red globules. The laboratory evaluation allows to determine the anemia degree and contributes data that help to diagnose the cause. The impotantes data of laboratory but to collect in the anemic dog or cat are:

* Hemograma with eritrocitaria valuation
* Calculation of the hematimétricos indices
* Eritrocitario count and of reticulocitos (to determine if the marrow this regenerating or not)
* Biochemical profile (depending on each case in individual)

Treatment
There are many types of anemias, and each one requires of an accurate diagnosis to apply the best therapy. The anemia is not a disease in himself, but a manifestation of an underlying pathological process, is a symptom whose origin must be investigated, reason why is necessary to establish what type of anemia is suffered to implement the suitable treatment.
An anemia without the suitable treatment or treating, can have consequences until mortals.

Bibliography

Author: MV Adelaida A. Goldman

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